Deep learning, often referred to as neural networks, is a type of machine learning where the algorithm is trained using a complex network of patterns similar to the brain's neural network. The methodology has demonstrated high performance in identifying disease from imaging studies, taking the methods of machine learning one step further. Rather than learning from a set of inputs given to the machine from the algorithm developer, the algorithm learns from the data. It is a more advanced kind of machine learning that requires large datasets to train the algorithm and the data must be standardized as the machine has to learn where to identify irregularities in images.

Artificial intelligence is not a new concept. Sci-fi fans have been well acquainted with its principles since Isaac Asimov started getting books published, and more recently a generation that has grown up on video games has spent countless hours trying to outsmart AI entities. But in recent years AI has really come to the forefront of consumer electronics with the emergence of voice-controlled virtual assistants like Apple's Siri and Amazon's Alexa. These have quickly become prominent user interfaces across a range of devices, and are only becoming more important as consumers seem increasingly intent on leaving typing behind. Now, the field of AI represents an escalating arms race between a number of high-profile tech companies, with some smaller firms getting in on the action, too.